What processes are involved in removing most bacteria, viruses, and protozoa from wastewater?

The most effective processes for removing most bacteria, viruses, and protozoa from wastewater include biological treatment and disinfection. Biological treatment involves the use of microorganisms to break down organic matter and can significantly reduce bacterial content in wastewater. Following this, disinfection is crucial as it targets the pathogens that remain. Common disinfection methods include chlorination, UV irradiation, and ozonation, all of which are effective in eliminating viruses and protozoa.

Choosing a combination of biological treatment and disinfection ensures a comprehensive approach to wastewater treatment, as the biological processes contribute to the breakdown of contaminants, while disinfection effectively sterilizes the treated water, making it safe for discharge or reuse. This multi-faceted strategy is essential in maintaining water quality standards and protecting public health.