Which bacteria are primarily responsible for aerobic decomposition in wastewater?

Aerobic bacteria are the primary organisms responsible for aerobic decomposition in wastewater treatment processes. These bacteria thrive in the presence of oxygen and are effective at breaking down organic matter, which is a key goal in wastewater treatment. As they metabolize pollutants, aerobic bacteria convert complex organic substances into simpler compounds, carbon dioxide, and water, thereby reducing the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of the wastewater.

By facilitating the breakdown of organic materials, aerobic bacteria play a crucial role in ensuring that the treated effluent meets regulatory standards for discharge into the environment. Their activity is significant in activated sludge processes, trickling filters, and other aerated systems where oxygen is readily available.

In contrast, anaerobic bacteria do not require oxygen and operate in environments deprived of it. They are involved in processes like anaerobic digestion, which occurs in the absence of oxygen and results in the breakdown of organic matter to produce biogas. Facultative bacteria can function in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, but they are not primarily responsible for aerobic decomposition. Pathogenic bacteria are generally of concern in wastewater treatment due to their potential to cause diseases and are not involved in the decomposition of organic matter in the way that aerobic bacteria are.